Escola Superior de Guerra

Escola Superior de Guerra
(ESG)
   / Higher War College
   A Brazilian war college that helped shape the anticommunist views of General Humberto de Alencar Castello Branco and the other conspirators behind the 1964 military coup. The ESG was established in 1949 by President Eurico Dutra, a general. United States military advisors had a strong hand in its creation, and it was modeled after the U.S. National War College. After the Cuban Revolution of 1959, the ESG adopted the theory of internal war, which identified anticommunist subversion, not external invasion, as the greater threat to the country. Combating subversion, according to ESG teaching, required strong, hierarchical government and a total national commitment. Although the military would direct the fight, it needed the cooperation of civilian elites. Hence the opening of the ESG curriculum to leaders from across society—not only military officers but also industrialists, legislators, judges, and professionals.

Historical Dictionary of the “Dirty Wars” . . 2010.

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